Baking & Snack - May 2023 - 39

FORMULATION
Chemical Leavening
Rise and Shine W
Chemical leavening gives baked goods a needed
lift but not without potential challenges.
by Lucas Cuni-Mertz
When enjoying a fluffy cake, indulgent
cookie or crispy cracker, consumers
can thank chemical leavening
for providing the rise, flavor,
texture and more to these products.
Chemical leavening is the result of
combining a base and acid that react
during mixing or baking to produce
carbon dioxide.
" The gas becomes trapped within
the batter or dough, causing bubbles
to form and expand, " explained Joan
Randall, associate scientist, Kemin
Food Technologies. " This reaction
not only makes the product rise, but
also contributes to volume and desired
crumb color and texture in the
finished baked good. "
Bases include sodium bicarbonate,
commonly known as baking soda,
and potassium bicarbonate, which
are combined with leavening acids
such as phosphates. The rate of reaction
between base and acid, as well
as when the reaction begins in the
baking process, is critical to ensuring
desired product characteristics.
Many bakers rely on traditional
baking powder, which includes both
the base and acid, as their leavening
solution. These leaveners also
typically include a diluent like corn
starch, which acts as a buffer and prevents
the base and acid from reacting
during storage. Baking powders are
either single- or double-acting.
" Single-acting baking powder reacts
immediately upon contact with
liquids, while double-acting baking
powder reacts twice, once upon
contact with liquid and again when
heated in the oven, " said Songwei
Wu, staff scientist, food and beverage,
Innophos.
The acting time of leavening
agents also differs.
" Single-acting baking powders
can be either fast-acting or slowDouble-acting
baking
powders are
often best in airy
products like cakes
and biscuits.
©Elane Graves-stock.adobe.com
www.bakingbusiness.com / May 2023 Baking & Snack 39

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Baking & Snack - May 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Baking & Snack - May 2023

Baking & Snack - May 2023 - Intro
Baking & Snack - May 2023 - 1
Baking & Snack - May 2023 - 2
Baking & Snack - May 2023 - 3
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